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اسلاید 1 :
èH2S : toxicimpurity
Ø H2S or SO2 rejectio to atmosphereissubject to stri ge tregulatio s
èObjective : process the acidgasproduced i the ami e u its to co vert H2S a d othersulphur compou ds i toeleme talsulphur
اسلاید 2 :
REFI ERY U ITS
lLowersulphur productio capacity
lUp to a few hu dreds to s/daysulphur
LEU A refi ery 420 t/d sulphur
Bukhararefi ery 20 t/d sulphur
lH2S richacidgasfeed ( o or little CO2)
lOperatio with variable acidgascapacity
lLarge flexibility a d tur dow requireme t
lPrese ce of ammo ia i sig ifica tqua tities
اسلاید 3 :
è
èVaries accordi g to the specific local regulatio s a d the capacity of the sulphur pla t
èfrom 95% to 99.9+ %
èThe e viro me talregulatio s are becomi g more a d more stri ge t i most cou tries
اسلاید 4 :
Bright yellowsolidatambie ttemperature
Liquidsulphurde sity : approx. 1.8 @ 140 °C
o soluble i water
Poorheattra sfercapability
Melti g poi t 118°C
Viscosity :
specialbehaviour vs temperaturewith a maximum arou d 180°C
اسلاید 5 :
H2S partial oxidatio i a combustio chamber:
lClaus thermal reactor or reactio fur ace
lThe Claus reactio begi s i the combustio chamber
l
Progress of the Claus reactio towardsulphur productio atlowertemperature o catalystbeds (severalcatalytic stages withi termediate co de satio of liquidsulphur)
اسلاید 6 :
Air requireme ti creased
Risks of i complete combustio
lCarbo deposits
lCatalyst fouli g
l“black” sulphur
Co seque ces
lSulphur recovery efficie cy drop
lPluggi g
lCatalyst deactivatio
اسلاید 7 :
BTEX compou ds destructio isdifficult
BTEX may have detrime taleffects o catalystsactivityeve atlow co ce tratio (> 20-50 ppm atcatalystbedi let)
lLowcatalyst life
lReducedsulphurrecoveryefficie cy
Corrective actio s:
lSolve tselectio i the upstream u it (chemicalsolve tpreferred)
lKeep a highflametemperature i the Claus u it thermal reactio chamber
Ø1150 - 1200°C
lReside ce time i combustio chamber > 1.5 seco ds
lHigh efficie cybur er
اسلاید 8 :
Ammo iamaylead to the formatio of ammo ium sulfides a d sulfates
Øbouchages
Øcorrosio
Øsulfatatio des catalyseurs
Corrective actio
lHigh flametemperature to e sureammo ia destructio
Ø > 1250°C
lUse of speciallydesig edhighefficie cybur ers
اسلاید 9 :
Combustio scheme
lAcidgaspreheati g or ot
lAir preheati g or ot
Prese ce of impurities ( H3, BTEX)
lType of bur er
lCombustio chamberreside ce time
Wasteheat boiler steamlevel
Catalyticreactorsi letgasreheat mode
lWHB by-pass
lI li e bur er
lExter alheatpreheater
اسلاید 10 :
Pressure
Air to acidgas ratio
Flametemperature
Catalyticreactorstemperature
Type of catalysts
I ci eratio
