بخشی از پاورپوینت
--- پاورپوینت شامل تصاویر میباشد ----
اسلاید 1 :
الف ـ مقدمه و معرفي بيماري
ب ـ اپيدميولوژي توصيفي و وقوع(OCCURRENCE)
ج ـ پيشگيري و كنترل
1- تعريف و اهميت بهداشتي
2 – عامل يا عوامل اتيولوژيك
اسلاید 2 :
1- تعريف و اهميت بهداشتي
Human zoonotic disease
–Primarily disease of herbivorous animals
Sheep, goats, cattle
Many large documented epizootics
–Occasional human disease
Epidemics have occurred but uncommon
Rare in developed world
اسلاید 3 :
Bioweapon Potential
Many countries have weaponized anthrax
–Former bioweapon programs
U.S.S.R., U.S., U.K., and Japan
–Recent bioweapon programs
Iraq
–Attempted uses as bioterrorism agent
WW I: Germans inoculated Allied livestock
WW II: Japanese use on prisoners
اسلاید 4 :
Features of anthrax suitable as BT agent
1.Spores easily dispersed as aerosol
2.Moderately infectious
3.High mortality for inhalational (86-100%)
4.Fairly easy to obtain, produce and store
اسلاید 5 :
Aerosol method of delivery
–Most likely method expected in BT attack
–Would cause primarily inhalational disease
Spores reside on particles of 1-5 μm size
Optimal size for deposition into alveoli
Form of disease with highest mortality
–Would infect the largest number of people
اسلاید 6 :
Sverdlovsk, Russia 1979
–Accidental release from anthrax drying plant
–79 human cases
All downwind of plant
68 deaths
Some infected with multiples strains
اسلاید 7 :
Estimated effects of inhalational anthrax
–100 kg spores released over city size of Washington DC
130,000 – 3 million deaths depending on weather conditions
–Economic impact
$26.2 billion/100,000 exposed people
اسلاید 8 :
ب ـ اپيدميولوژي توصيفي و وقوع آنتراكس
1 – دوره نهفتگي (Incubation period)
2 – سير طبيعي(Natural course)
3 – انتشار جغرافيائي(Geographical distribution)
4 – روند زماني(Timeline trend)
5 – تاثير سن، جنس، شغل و موقعيت اجتماعي
6 – تاثير عوامل مساعد كننده(Predisposing factors)
7 – حساسيت و مقاومت(Susceptibility & Resistance)
8 – ميزان حمله هاي ثانويه(Secondary attack rate)
9 – نحوه انتقال و دوره قابليت سرايت
(Mode of transmission & period of communicability)
اسلاید 9 :
1 ـ دوره نهفتگي
Incubation Period
–Time from exposure to symptoms
–Cutaneous, 3-10 days
–Very variable for inhalational
2-43 days reported
Theoretically may be up to 100 days
Delayed germination of spores
اسلاید 10 :
2 – عامل يا عوامل اتيولوژيك
Caused by Bacillus anthracis
–Spores found in soil worldwide
Bacillus anthracis
–Aerobic, Gram positive rod
–Long (1-10μm), thin (0.5-2.5μm)
–Forms inert spores when exposed to O2
Infectious form, hardy
Approx 1μm in size
–Vegetative bacillus state in vivo
Result of spore germination
Non-infectious, fragile
